Some of the payments that did not regularly fall under the Exchequer were occasionally recorded in a Pipe roll. They are not a complete record of government and royal finances, however, as they do not record all sources of income, only the accounts of the sheriffs and a few other sources of income. Until the chancery records began in the reign of King John of England, they were the only continuous set of records kept by the English government. The Pipe rolls are the records of the audits of the sheriffs' accounts, usually conducted at Michaelmas by the Exchequer, or English treasury. They were occasionally referred to as the roll of the treasury, or the great roll of accounts, and the great roll of the pipe. There is no evidence to support the theory that they were named pipes for the fact that they "piped" the money into the Treasury, nor for the claim that they got their name from resembling a wine cask, or pipe of wine. The Pipe rolls are named after the "pipe" shape formed by the rolled up parchments on which the records were originally written. The Pipe Roll Society, formed in 1883, has published the Pipe rolls up until 1224. Although they recorded much of the royal income, they did not record all types of income, nor did they record all expenditures, so they are not strictly speaking a budget. They record not only payments made to the government, but debts owed to the crown and disbursements made by royal officials. They were the records of the yearly audits performed by the Exchequer of the accounts and payments presented to the Treasury by the sheriffs and other royal officials and owed their name to the shape they took, as the various sheets were affixed to each other and then rolled into a tight roll, resembling a pipe, for storage.
Piperoll level 99 series#
A similar set of records was developed for Normandy, which was ruled by the English kings from 1066 to 1205, but the Norman Pipe rolls have not survived in a continuous series like the English. The early medieval ones are especially useful for historical study, as they are some of the earliest financial records available from the Middle Ages. They form the oldest continuous series of records concerning English governance kept by the English, British and United Kingdom governments, covering a span of about 700 years.
The earliest date from the 12th century, and the series extends, mostly complete, from then until 1833. The Pipe rolls, sometimes called the Great rolls, or the Great Rolls of the Pipe are a collection of financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, or Treasury, and its successors. Records of the audits of the English Exchequer
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